Category: saxophone performance


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How embarrasing! I wrote this final entry back in late October and thought I’d published it in early November… Obviously, I’ve been avoiding my blog for some time, but I did at least think I had published this. Oh, well….

 

So, the Rousseau Celebration has now come and gone. It was an incredible event, great to see so many great saxophonists and old friends and spend a weekend playing, listening, and talking about saxophone! I’m very happy to be able to say that my performance of the Heiden Solo went quite well. The performance itself, however, is not all that important. What is important are the final steps I took to be fully ready to perform.

First and foremost, know that what I do and how I practice the last week or so prior to a performance really is not all that different than what I do the first few weeks. The reality is that, if good practice techniques are being used from the start of preparation, there doesn’t need to be a major change in strategy in the last week. One of the best parts of practicing smart throughout the entire process is that, usually, there isn’t much of a need to panic at the end. That panicked feeling that can set in a week or so prior to a performance — you know the one where you don’t feel you’re going to be ready in time — often comes from using poor practice techniques early in the process of learning a piece. That’s not to say that poor practice is always the problem — issues such as misjudging the difficulty of a piece or simply not having enough time available can be a significant part of the problem. But, if the assessment of the difficulty was close and something like oh, the composer not getting the piece finished until the 11th hour don’t interfere, practicing correctly from the start also means no cramming, no desperate avoidance of everything except the literature, and a week of being able to fall asleep.

For this piece and this performance, if anything, I allowed more time than was necessary, so I was able to continue my normal practice routine, with a few exceptions. During the last few days of practice, I did not stop doing things like scales, long-tones, and other literature. For the most part, I also continued to practice the Heiden as I described earlier.

Some things that I did do differently, though. First of all, I spent more time playing from beginning to end, without stopping to correct mistakes. These practice performances were also done at my desired performance tempo. The goal of doing this is to practice maintaining concentration for the duration of the piece, and to get better at recovering from mistakes that invariably happen during a live performance.  The ideal way to do this would be to be able to work with your accompanist, but that rarely works out. When this isn’t possible (translation … until I win the Powerball….) I find other ways to model playing with the accompaniment. Using Smart Music is sometimes an option (if your piece happens to be one that has a Smart Music accompaniment). Another option is to play along with a good recording, or to have your accompanist record just the accompaniment for you.

The one other thing I find helpful during final preparation is to record myself practicing, and the practice performances are especially insightful. When I go back and listen to myself, I then have a realistic idea of any passages that are muddy, or any fundamentals that could use some work. It’s also really helpful in evaluating the musical content … basics like the pacing of dynamics, articulations that need attention, accents … all those details. Recordings never lie…

The last steps I take have little to do with actually playing. During the last 24 hours, I make sure I know exactly what the hall looks, and if possible, I go stand on stage so that I can visualize myself in the space. I try to get a good night’s sleep the night before, and on the day of the performance, I make sure to eat no matter how I may feel, but I keep it light.

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Holy time warp, Batman! Week three is done and I haven’t even gotten my week two entry done!  The whole idea of starting this blog was to organize my practice time, but I’m finding the more I practice, the less interested I am in writing. I guess that makes it a good thing that I’ve fallen behind, since it means I’ve been practicing!

Heiden is coming along nicely, maybe even a bit ahead of my schedule. At any rate, I was looking over what I wrote last week, and I realized I failed to mention why I started this piece. That’s sort of central to my point in journaling my progress on this one!

When I was at IU, I was one of Eugene Rousseau’s students, and believe it or not, he turned 76 this year. In honor of Dr. Rousseau’s 76th birthday, there is going to be a “Rousseau Celebration” hosted at the University of North Carolina – Greensville. As one of Rousseau’s former students, I have the opportunity to perform a piece either recorded by or dedicated to Dr. Rousseau. The Heiden “Solo” was dedicated to Rousseau back in 1969  — AND he recorded it. It also happens to be reasonably approachable, which is really important to me since I’m still in the “rehab” phase of my performance. Although I perform nearly every week, it’s been about 8 years since I’ve done any sort of high profile/major performance, so I want to be sure that this is successful for me.

So, here’s what I’ve been up to. One of the things I’ve been really focusing on has been identifying and working out what I’ll call, for lack of a better term, “nuisance” passages. One of the biggest nuisances in this piece, at least for me, is at the top of the third page:

 

Passage top of page 3

 

If you look at this passage at the level of a single beat, there isn’t anything really hard about it. What does present a challenge, at least for me, is that each beat is similar, but enough different to trip me up. One of the strategies that I find especially helpful with sections like this is to work out each beat, then start building the passage by practicing two beat blocks, then three beats, then four … until I’m comfortable with the entire passage. I also prefer to start at the END and work back towards the beginning so I’m always playing to something I know and am comfortable with — really helps to keep me relaxed.

The other things I’ve been really focusing on are pushing tempi and identifying what fingerings I want to use when there are alternates available. Those two things — tempo and fingerings — are not only important, but they are also related.  Tempo first….

Now, I know, the common wisdom about tempo is to practice as slowly as you need to to play without making a mistake. I’ve repeated that mantra to students and to myself over and over and over and over again — and it is extremely important. Don’t think for a minute that I’m not spending a lot of time working out the kinks slowly and methodically. The other piece of the equation, though, is that you need to spend some time teaching your fingers to move at the performance tempo and, when a piece has technical passages that extend of several beats (or lines or pages!), you really need to get your brain thinking and processing all of that information at the speed you need it to go. I’m not say this very eloquently, and I’m not sure if that was really clear, so if you don’t understand, leave a comment!

The other thing I need to do is to at least get to the point that I can play passages a couple of beats at a time, at or above performance tempo, fairly quickly so I can really hone in on fingering decisions. Take this passage, for example:

Passage from top of Page 3

If I’m plugging away at a nice, slow tempo, I’m inclined to just use standard fingerings the whole way through this, but as I approach performance tempo (somewhere around quarter note = 120 bpm) the palm key E down to the F and back up to palm key E is a bit of a pain.  The biggest problem for my fingers is in my right hand, moving from right side key 3, getting my first finger down for the F, then shifting back up to get back to RSK3. Simple solution — don’t use the first finger to play the F, just use the middle finger. That simple shift keeps me from having to move my right hand/wrist to get to and from RSK3. If I’d taken my time gradually easing the tempo up, yes, I would have eventually made that decision. In the process, who knows how many times I would have played it using my first finger before I made the decision, which in turn would have meant having to UN-learn before I could LEARN. Plus, when I get nervous, I find that if I haven’t been 100% consistent in my use of specific fingerings, I have a tendency to make mistakes simply because I choose the wrong one, drop a note, then break my concentration and drop a few more notes.

 

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So, it’s Sunday again (at least I started this on Sunday…), which means church, which means I had to play this morning. Nothing out of the ordinary for me. My parish happens to observe a summer schedule for our services, which means instead of 8:00 AM and 10:30 AM, the services are 8 and 9:30 AM. During the summer, the schedule is always rushed, especially in terms of getting set up and ready for the 9:30 service. Got there this morning, warmed up and ran through the offertory with my accompanist in another building, dutifully put my horn back in the case, and went over to the church itself for the service. The offertory is always right after the passing of the peace so, since I was rushed before the service, I used that time to put my horn back together, get the reed on and wet, and when it was time, we played. What I didn’t do… tune to the piano.

Actually, not tuning to the piano (or the organ, for that matter) is just a matter of routine at this point, at least in this situation. I don’t usually think about it all that much, but for some reason, I got really paranoid at the last minute — maybe because the piece I was playing started on a written 4th space E-natural. Everything worked out fine, as it usually does, but it got me thinking about the whole concept of intonation and tuning.

I actually wanted to start this entry with this cool picture I was going to draw in Inkscape — a stick figure saxophonist with his alto in playing position and a clear image of the mouthpiece. The idea was to label the part that is most important in determining whether a performance will be in tune. Well, the drawing didn’t … exactly …. ummm … well, I couldn’t decide if it looked more like one of my 3-year old’s drawings or a floating head smoking a crack pipe, as drawn by someone smoking a crack pipe. The point of that exercise is still good, though (even if my artistic ability leaves much to be desired….).  Most amateur and many developing saxophonists would go straight to the mouthpiece, specifically identifying the position of the mouthpiece on the neck/bocal. While it isn’t a bad thing (nor an unimportant step) to be concerned about the position of the mouthpiece on the neck, that’s really only a small step taken towards playing in tune.

Playing in tune isn’t ultimately about any physical step, nor any adjustment to the instrument. Yes, the mouthpiece needs to be adjusted to a point that allows the instrument to be close enough in terms of pitch to whatever other instruments are in an ensemble. (In fact, all instruments are designed to play with a pre-determined tube length, and if the length varies too significantly from the design of the instrument, it will be difficult if not impossible to even play in tune with yourself!) It’s also important that the instrument is warmed up to playing temperature (more on that when I talk about playing with a pipe organ!).

I’ve seen/heard/been told about the importance of learning to adjust the embouchure and oral cavity in relationship to intonation. Another incredibly important skill that needs to be mastered to play in tune. Use of a tuner is another technique that is frequently brought up in relation to intonation.

So, you’ve now adjusted your mouthpiece after dutifully paying homage to concert A (or B-flat, or whatever), learned how to manipulate the pitch with your embouchure, and you can make the needle on your nifty digital tuner move to what it says is dead-on pitch. You’re all set! Great! I wish it worked that way.

Going back to my floating-head-smoking-a-crack-pipe idea … had it worked, the goal would have been to point to the head (I know, you could argue for the ears, but the ears are just the means for getting the sound to the brain … at least for my purposes here.) My belief is that really good intonation ultimately depends on your internal concept of pitch. You MUST be able to hear and almost instantly adjust, and beyond hearing, you have to internalize pitch to the point that you are able to hear the next interval BEFORE you play it. The goal is to be able to hear when you are out of tune with yourself, even when there are no other instruments, and the tuner is nowhere to be found. There are a number of strategies you can use to develop this ability that I’ll save for  later post, but the key for me has been (shudder!) singing. Yes, Virginia, there is a point to sight-singing … and ear training, neither of which can really be isolated as a single skill (at least in my book).

So, back to not bothering with checking my intonation before I play in church … not something I’d recommend in most circumstances. I don’t want anyone to read this and think I’m saying not tuning up before a performance is a best practice. Remember, in the church situation I described, I perform with the same piano week after week after week. I know about where my mouthpiece should be placed, and if  I’m off a bit, either because I didn’t get the mouthpiece in quite the right spot or because the pitch level of the piano has changed slightly, I know how to adjust my embouchure and/or airstream to compensate until I can re-position the mouthpiece. I’m also handicapped in that, because of my other responsibilities during the service, I don’t have a chance to warm my instrument up at all, so even if I did “tune up”, I’d just be out of tune 30 seconds after I start. I also play with a pipe organ a LOT. That’s an entirely different ball-game worthy of it’s own post. Bottom line, it is best to tune, but always remember that tuning one or two notes (and maybe their octaves) does not mean intonation can be set aside for the rest of the performance. Concentrate, listen, adjust! More to come…

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